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Ottoman Empire Circle of Justice
During the Ancient Regime of the Ottoman Empire (pre-1798 Napoleon's invasion of Egypt) the Circle of Justice evolved as a way to keep the state running successfully. In the Circle of Justice there were four elements of the Ottoman State, the King's authority, the army, the wealth of the state, and the peasantry. Each element of the state relied on the others to work together as well as the whole system's reliance on the basis of Shari'a law for justice. The system began with the king's authority which was dependent upon the strength of the army. The strength of the army relied on their ability to conquer lands or obtain new wealth for the kingdom. And the new lands gave the peasantry lands to work and make a living to feed themselves. The peasantry then needed the protection of the king which completes the circle. The Circle of Justice established balance by keeping each class of people separate and in their place in society to keep the circle going. The Circle of Justice was a way of keeping the empire running before there was a big push towards modernization and the centralization of the government of the Ottoman Empire under the Tanzimat Reforms. It is important to note that the idea of the Ottoman Circle of Justice was not a contemporary idea but instead a way of identifying and understanding a system of the past.〔Cleveland, W. L. (2004). A history of the modern Middle East. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press.〕
The Circle of Justice is a name given to identify a time period in the Ottoman Empire before its modernization. It is also referring to a socio-economic system in place in a pre-modern Ottoman Empire that holds a striking similarity to the European feudal system.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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